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[106] The fur of the young tends to be longer and thicker than that of adults. [157] The coat of the leopard has been popular decorative clothing and a symbol of power, wealth and the exotic, being worn by African chiefs, European queens, Hollywood film stars and burlesque dancers. 1400-1600)-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Taxonbars with automatically added original combinations, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Present and historical distribution of the leopard, It is the most widespread leopard subspecies and is native to, It is native to mainland Southeast Asia and probably, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 15:30. Leopards can be aggressive when others lurk in their area, invading their home range. One large adult leopard was grabbed and consumed by a large crocodile while attempting to hunt along a bank in Kruger National Park. African Leopard - The African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) is a subspecies of … [22] Leopards living in arid regions are pale cream, yellowish to ochraceous and rufous in colour; those living in forests and mountains are much darker and deep golden. [68][69] We'll also talk more about leopards and their natural habitat and distribution. [153], Leopards have been known to humans throughout history, and have featured in the art, mythology, and folklore of many countries where they have historically occurred. Until 1940, similar fossils dating back to the Pleistocene were excavated mostly in loess and caves at 40 sites in Europe, including Furninha Cave near Lisbon, Genista Caves in Gibraltar, and Santander Province in northern Spain to several sites across France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Germany, in the north up to Derby in England, in the east to Přerov in the Czech Republic and the Baranya in southern Hungary,[76] Leopard fossils dating to the Late Pleistocene were found in Biśnik Cave in south-central Poland. Their range extends from sub-Saharan Africa, to patches across the Middle East, throughout tropical Asia West Asia and in parts of Siberia. The Amur leopard is one of nine subspecies (types) of leopard. Leopards are smaller and not as muscular as the jaguar. [107][108] Aggressive encounters are rare, typically limited to defending territories from intruders. [152] [118], The leopard is a carnivore that prefers medium-sized prey with a body mass ranging from 10–40 kg (22–88 lb). [51] The fur tends to be grayish in colder climates, and dark golden in rain forest habitats. Some of these species steal its kills, kill its cubs and even kill adult leopards. Clouded leopards prefer to live in lowland tropical rainforests. These adaptations to their habitat go beyond coat and camouflage; the pads of their paws are different in each subspecies, allowing them to walk in diverse terrains across extreme temperatures. It is heavily hunted as a trophy and for its skin and body parts, which are used in traditional medicine, and it also faces habitat and prey loss. [103][104] In western African forests, they have been observed to be largely diurnal and hunting during twilight, when their prey animals are active; activity patterns varies between seasons. Leopards have been known to humans throughout history, and have featured in the art, mythology, and folklore of many countries where they have historically occurred. It’s home to large herds of elephant, buffalo, antelope, white rhino, spotted hyena and a massive range of bird species which can be found around its sparkling lagoons. The leopard's rosettes differ from those of the jaguar, which are darker and with smaller spots inside. [74], Fossils of leopard ancestors were excavated in East Africa and South Asia, dating back to the Pleistocene between 2 and 3.5 million years ago. Compared with its cousins, the tiger, the jaguar and the lion, the leopard is the smallest of all big cats. The generic name Panthera was first used by Lorenz Oken in 1816, who included all the known spotted cats into this group. A leopard's home range can be anywhere from 5 to 450 square km (2 to 175 mi). [117] Kills are cached up to 2 km (1 1⁄4 mi) apart. It has since been hypothesized that it became extinct on the island following the Toba eruption about 75,000 years ago,[75] and due to competition with other predators, such as the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) and the dhole (Cuon alpinus). What do leopard subspecies have in common? Prey species in this weight range tend to occur in dense habitat and to form small herds. It can purr when exhaling. Leopard Leopards are graceful and powerful big cats closely related to lions, tigers, and jaguars. [129] [42] There is something very terrifying in the angry grunt of a charging leopard, and I have seen a line of elephants that were staunch to a tiger, turn and stampede from a charging leopard. [86], In Nepal's Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, a melanistic leopard was photographed at an elevation of 4,300 m (14,100 ft) by a camera trap in May 2012. [29] Leopards are usually thought to be African animals, however, they also live in other continents. [136] Most leopards are light coloured and have dark spots on their fur. What is the Habitat of the Eurasian Wolf. The tiger diverged about 6.55 million years ago, followed by the snow leopard about 4.63 million years ago and the leopard about 4.35 million years ago. In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock also subordinated the tiger (P. tigris), lion (P. leo), and jaguar (P. onca) to Panthera. In the tropical forests of India's Nagarhole National Park, tigers selected prey weighing more than 176 kg (388 lb), whereas leopards selected prey in the 30–175 kg (66–386 lb) range. [150] The generation length of the leopard is 9.3 years. Females, on the other hand, often have overlapping territories without much conflict. [154], Leopard captivity in historical times has also been recorded — several leopards were kept in a menagerie established by King John at the Tower of London in the 13th century; around 1235, three of these animals were given to Henry III by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. Leopards are present in the wild in over 70 countries in Africa, Eurasia, and the Indian subcontinent. As human encroachments are on the rise and climate change is killing vegetation on which the herbivore prey of leopards survive, the big cat is increasingly facing danger. [146], The average typical life span of a leopard is between 12 and 17 years. It is not clear if male territories overlap as much as those of females do. [73] The leopard-lion clade diverged 3.1–1.95 million years ago. [36][37] An Indian leopard killed in Himachal Pradesh in 2016 measured 261 cm (8 ft 7 in) with an estimated weight of 78.5 kg (173 lb) was perhaps the largest known wild leopard. [149] The oldest recorded male leopard was Cezar, who reached the age of 23. Males stand 60–70 cm (23 1⁄2–27 1⁄2 in) at the shoulder, while females are 57–64 cm (22 1⁄2–25 in) tall. [26] Territories recorded in Nepal's Bardia National Park, 48 km2 (18 1⁄2 sq mi) for males and 5–7 km2 (2–2 1⁄2 sq mi) for females, are smaller than those generally observed in Africa. We must do our best to protect those places where leopards live, saving their habitat and distribution for future generations. Their pelage is also more gray in colour with less defined spots. [9] In sub-Saharan Africa, it is still numerous and surviving in marginal habitats where other large cats have disappeared. However, in the extreme northern part of the leopard’s range, a rare subspecies of this cat lives in the temperate forests and harsh winters of the Russian Far East. The leopard has become extinct in Zanzibar, and in regions of sub-Saharan and northern Africa it is becoming rarer and rarer. In areas such as Sri Lanka, reserves in Central Asia and the Middle East and most of the montane and tropical rainforests of Africa, the leopard is the remaining top terrestrial predator present and often take varied prey of various sizes, including at times large ungulates weighing hundreds of kilograms, although they also takes smaller prey such as monkeys where ungulates are scarce. Leopards were also kept and paraded as mascots, totems and sacrifices to deities. [105], Leopards can climb trees very skillfully, often rest on tree branches and descend from trees headfirst. In other words, it belongs to the family of cats. Many leopards are killed each year for their fur and body parts and this is one reason why the leopard is an endangered animal. At one year of age, leopard young can probably fend for themselves, but remain with the mother for 18–24 months. Rangers confiscated large amounts of poison in the camps of livestock herders who were accompanied by armed merchants. [41] He also lived at the Warsaw Zoo and was Bertie's lifelong companion. [82][83][84] In southeastern Egypt, a leopard killed in 2017 was the first record in this area in 65 years. Habitat and Distribution, we recommend you visit our Facts about the animal kingdom category. [92] The Northern Tenasserim Forest Complex in southern Myanmar is considered a leopard stronghold. However, the situation remains critical. 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